Because the PVS is exclusively directed in the veins, damage to non-venous smooth tissues is averted. Tissues like nerve, artery and lymphatic vessels are spared. Since June 1988 we have utilized the PVS technique as outpatient surgical procedure under regional anaesthesia. Neither electrosurgery nor a suction apparatus is needed in https://www.sgvascularctr.com/understanding-venous-leak-treatment-in-singapore/